2, 2017, announced new grant funding for a nationwide project to set up five “characterization centers,” including two at UC San Francisco, to study how these regulatory elements influence gene expression and, consequently, cell behavior. What is more, these elements play a major role in diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and autism, and they could hold the key to possible cures.Īs part of a major ongoing effort to fully map and annotate the functional sequences of the human genome, including this silent majority, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on Feb. However, hidden among this noncoding DNA are many crucial regulatory elements that control the activity of thousands of genes. Much of this “dark matter genome” is thought to be nonfunctional evolutionary leftovers that are just along for the ride.
HUMAN GENOME MAPPED CODE
The mysterious majority – as much as 98 percent – of our DNA do not code for proteins. But a perplexing problem quickly emerged: although scientists could transcribe the book, they could only interpret a small percentage of it.
After the 2003 completion of the Human Genome Project – which sequenced all 3 billion “letters, ” or base pairs, in the human genome – many thought that our DNA would become an open book.
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